The Müller Villa (Müllerova vila) is located in the Ořechovka district of Smíchov (Prague’s Beverly Hills), a serene residential area. The villa is a magnificent example of early 20th-century architecture, embodying the principles of the Czech modernist movement. Completed in 1930, this villa was designed by the renowned architect Adolf Loos, who himself considered it his best work.
The Müller Villa is recognized for its unique architectural features, which seamlessly blend functionality with a simple elegance. A notable feature is the asymmetrical composition, demonstrating Loos’s tendency to move away from traditional design conventions.
Indeed, Adolf Loos held views that were at times unconventional, which frequently led to controversy among his contemporaries. For instance, he was an advocate for the principle of minimalist design, advocating for a preference for functionality over ornamentation in architectural design. He even stated that any ornamentation should be considered a sin, which was in direct contradiction to the more “old-fashioned” Art Nouveau and other buildings with elaborate ornaments that were still being built. He believed that a building’s mass and proportion, even in the absence of decorative elements, could convey a noble message.
The essay in which he openly formulated these opinions would become fundamental to the Bauhaus design studio and help define the ideology of modernism in architecture.
Some typical features of his design included open-plan living spaces and large windows, as well as harmonious integration with the surroundings. Large windows allow natural light to flood into the interior, establishing a connection with the lush surroundings.
The villa’s design is distinguished by its clean lines and geometric forms. The facade showcases a harmonious balance between stone and glass. The white plastered walls provide an elegant backdrop to the rich textures of the stone elements. The practical layout reflects the modernist ethos of simplicity and functionality. According to Loos, buildings should be built primarily for the maximum comfort of their residents, rather than serving as objects of admiration for passers-by. In this villa, the renowned Raumplan theory was also implemented, whereby the space is not divided into separate floors, but rather the rooms are distributed across multiple levels.
After entering the Müller Villa, visitors are greeted by a prominent fireplace and elegant custom-made wooden furniture, creating an atmosphere of warmth and intimacy. Despite its simplicity, the space feels sophisticated and inviting. It is easy to imagine a family enjoying their time in the house and the garden.
In the villa visitors can also view a small exhibition about the life of Adolf Loos and his family, as well as information about his other buildings. These include the many interiors that are now accessible to the public in Pilsen (Plzeň), approximately 1 hour 20 minutes from Prague by train. You can visit the Müller Villa for example after visiting Prague Castle and the Castle District, or Břevnov Monastery.
